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Below 3 nm, nanodiamonds were experimentally verified to be more stable than graphite. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the nanometer-sized curvature of nanodiamonds is the physical origin of their stability. A similar nanosize effect was reported for the shrinkage of nanocavities on ion-beam irradiation (see schematic diagram).
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Wang et al. (2005) studied this question.
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