Progress of rechargeable lithium metal batteries based on conversion reactions

In this review, we focus on the conversion reaction in newly raised rechargeable lithium batteries instanced by lithium–sulfur and lithium–oxygen batteries. A comprehensive discussion is made on the fundamental electrochemistry and recent advancements in key components of both types of the batteries. The critical problems in the Li–S and Li–O2 conversion electrochemistry are addressed along with the corresponding improvement strategies, for the purpose of shedding light on the rational design of batteries to reach optimal performance.