Research and Development on Phase-Shifting Surfaces (PSSs)

Phase-shifting surfaces (PSSs) developed in recent years are reported. Research and development on these phase-shifting surfaces are set in the historical context of prior-art free-standing lensing devices, as well as in the context of recent studies performed by other research groups. In addition, initial work on a phase- and amplitude-shifting surface (PASS), an extension of the phase-shifting surface, is demonstrated in a beam-shaping application.