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Cooling rates are calculated for superfluid neutron stars of about 1 M0 and 10 km radius, with magnetic fields from zero to about 1014 gauss, when possible internal friction effects are neglected. Our results show that most old pulsars are so cold that thermal ionization of surface atoms would be negligible. At an age of 101 years and with canonical magnetic fields of 1012 gauss, the estimated stellar surface temperature is several thousand to a hundred thousand degrees. However, if we neglect magnetic fields and superfluid states of nucleons, the same surfaces would be about 101 K.
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Tsuruta et al. (1972) studied this question.
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