The paper reports the formation of optical waveguides in LiNbO3 by the implantation of helium ions. The ion beam damage defines the low-index regions which surround the waveguide. The computed index profile and the observed modes are in agreement. Changes in n0 of up to 7% are recorded as a saturation index change.
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Destéfanis et al. (1978) studied this question.
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