Bacterial Cellulose-Based Laser-Scribed Graphene Electrode for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection in Cancer Cells

High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The development of sustainable and high-performance electrochemical sensors is crucial for advancing biomedical applications. In this work, we introduce a hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) sensor based on bacterial cellulose-derived laser-scribed graphene (BC-LSG), modified with MXene and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs). Bacterial cellulose (BC), a biodegradable and renewable material, was cultivated and transformed into a highly conductive carbon network using CO 2 laser irradiation, producing a flexible, portable, and miniaturized electrochemical platform. The incorporation of MXene and PtNPs significantly enhanced the electrocatalytic response toward H 2 O 2 oxidation, achieving a wide linear concentration range (15–95 μmol L –1 ) and a low detection limit (0.35 μmol L –1 ). Compared to traditional enzymatic sensors, our nanostructured BC-LSG device offers superior stability, reproducibility, and eco-friendliness, aligning with green analytical chemistry principles. The sensor was successfully applied for H 2 O 2 detection in mammalian cells, demonstrating its potential for real-time monitoring of oxidative stress, a key biomarker in cancer progression and therapeutic responses. This work underscores the synergy between biopolymeric materials, nanotechnology, and laser processing, opening new avenues for scalable, disposable, and sustainable electrochemical devices.