Purpose: This study evaluates the relationship between hospital antibiotic consumption, measured by defined daily dose (DDD), and local antimicrobial resistance patterns to encourage rational prescribing. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study screened 613 inpatients receiving antimicrobial therapy over 2 months. Antibiotics were categorized using the 2024 anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC)/DDD index and World Health Organization access, watch, and reserve (AWaRe) classification. Demographic data and antibiogram results were correlated to assess resistance prevalence. Results: Most participants were male (54.48%) and aged 19–60 (66.39%) years, with nearly 50% hospitalized for over 10 days. Cefuroxime was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic ( n = 392), while Piperacillin/Tazobactam showed the highest total consumption (8410.5 g). According to AWaRe standards, “Watch” group antibiotics were used most frequently (58.95%), followed by the “Access” group (35.42%). A statistically significant positive correlation ( r = 0.42, P < 0.05) was established between antibiotic consumption and resistance. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant positive correlation between antibiotic consumption (DDD) and resistance patterns. The predominance of “Watch” group antibiotics highlights the necessity of systematic monitoring and robust Antimicrobial Stewardship.
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Vemparala et al. (2026) studied this question.
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