A compact elongated mushroom electromagnetic band-gap (EM-EBG) structure, exploiting the thickness of the substrate to achieve higher isolation compared to the case of the conventional mushroom EBG (CM-EBG), is proposed for the enhancement of the performances of patch antenna arrays. Guidelines, based on fairly accurate formulas, are provided for the design of the stop-band of the structure. The compactness of the EM-EBG is investigated and shown to be superior to that of the CM-EBG in practical cases. The superior reduction of mutual coupling of the EM-EBG is demonstrated by full-wave and experimental results both for a pair of patches and for a 4-element patch array. Finally, the benefits of the EM-EBG in terms of array processing, specifically side-lobe level (SLL) control and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, are presented.
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Coulombe et al. (2010) studied this question.