Investigating new treatment opportunities for patients with chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: the role of finerenone

FIGURE 1. Schematic representation of the pathophysiological effects of MR overactivation and the subsequent impact of MRA intervention using finerenone or spironolactone. K+, potassium; Na+, sodium

FIGURE 2. Percentage of patients with a treatment-emergent adverse event of hyperkalemia defined as serum potassium ≥5.6 mEq/L in Phase II finerenone trials. Data are point estimates ± 95% CIs. eple: eplerenone; F: finerenone; HFrEF: heart failure with reserved ejection fraction; spiro: spironolactone.

FIGURE 3. FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD endpoints. aKidney failure defined as occurrence of ESKD (initiation of chronic dialysis for ≥90 days or renal transplantation) or sustained eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2. HF: heart failure; HRQoL: health-related quality of life; MI: myocardial infarction.

FIGURE 4. (A) Overlap of patient populations according to inclusion values for UACR and eGFR in the FIDELIO-DKD and the FIGARO-DKD trials. (B) Pooled data showing the baseline KDIGO risk categories of patients included in the FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD trials (KDIGO score risk category data were missing for 4 patients in the FIDELIO-DKD trial and 10 patients in the FIGARO-DKD trial). Values are presented as n (%).

FIGURE 5.. Comparison of baseline median UACR (mg/g) and mean eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) of patients enrolled in recent trials investigating cardiovascular and/or renal outcomes in patients with CKD in T2D (circle sizes are proportional to the population sizes of the trials.) [12, 14, 43–49].