Adatom–adatom interactions and adatom–substrate bonding effects have been studied using coverage-dependent angle-resolved photoemission. Spectra for eight separate coverages, ranging from the clean Ag(001) surface to the saturated c (2×2) ordered chlorine overlayer at ϑ=0.5, were obtained using a multiple-angle parallel detection system, allowing simultaneous collection of photoelectron emission into a 70°×70° solid angle, while maintaining ∠1.5° angular resolution. The angular character and k-space origin of photoemission peaks for the clean surface were determined by comparison with a direct transition model using calculated bulk energy bands. This information was correlated with coverage-dependent attenuation of substrate emission to identify the participation of substrate 5s, 5p, and 4d levels in the chemisorption bond. The measured energy dispersion of adsorbate induced structure provides information on the bonding or antibonding nature of these levels. The k-dependence of Ag 4d-band emission indicates their involvement in indirect adatom–adatom interactions.
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Weeks et al. (1979) studied this question.
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