In this paper, we present a systematic approach to the design, optimization and characterization of a broadband 5:1 bandwidth (0.8 to 4.0 GHz) antenna subarray. The array element is an optimized-taper antipodal Vivaldi slot with a bandwidth of 2.5:1. Two such elements of different sizes and with 0.4 GHz (10% of the highest frequency) overlapping bandwidths are arrayed in a nested lattice above a multilevel ground plane that shields the feeds and electronics. Return loss, radiation patterns, cross-polarization and mutual coupling are measured from 0.5-5.0 GHz. This array demonstrates E plane patterns with 50/spl deg/ and 45/spl deg/ 3-dB beamwidths in the lower and upper frequency bands, respectively. The coupling between the elements is characterized for different relative antenna positions in all three dimensions.
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Loui et al. (2003) studied this question.
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