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Lewis M. Cowardin, Pamela J. Pietz, John T. Lokemoen, H. Thomas Sklebar, Glen A. Sargeant, Response of Nesting Ducks to Predator Exclosures and Water Conditions during Drought, The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 62, No. 1 (Jan., 1998), pp. 152-163
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Cowardin et al. (1998) studied this question.
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