Emerging Role of AI in Cardiovascular Medicine

I. Introduction: The emerging role of AI in cardiovascular medicineCardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide, underscoring the need for timely and accurate diagnostics and prognostication.Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, have led to dramatic improvements in image recognition and natural language processing.These breakthroughs are rapidly transforming healthcare.Among all specialties, cardiovascular medicine stands out as an area where AI is particularly impactful because of its reliance on large volumes of visual and time-series data.A wide range of AI models have been developed for key cardiovascular modalities, including electrocardiography, echocardiography, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) [1][2][3][4][5][6] . Tese models demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy and efficiency over conventional methods.More recently, the fi eld has moved beyond task-specifi c models to multimodal AI systems that can integrate diverse data types, such as images, text, and biomarkers, for comprehensive diagnostic support [7][8][9][10] . I particular, large language models (LLMs) are gaining attention for their ability to interpret clinical records and patient histories, offering adaptive and context-aware decision-making tools.These models have the potential to reduce the cognitive burden of physicians and enhance personalized care.Thus, AI is evolving from automation to becoming a collaborative partner in medical practice.Clinical validation through randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world testing are also progressing to ensure safe and effective implementation 11, 12) .