Conservative management is associated with a decreased risk of definitive stoma after anastomotic leakage complicating sphincter-saving resection for rectal cancer

AIM: Anastomotic leakage (AL) after sphincter-saving resection (SSR) for rectal cancer can result in a definitive stoma (DS). The aim of the study was to assess risk factors for DS after AL-complicating SSR. METHOD: Between 1997 and 2007, 200 patients underwent SSR for rectal cancer. AL occurred in 20.5% (41/200) [symptomatic 13.5% (n = 27), asymptomatic 7% (n = 14)]. Possible risk factors for DS after AL were analysed. RESULTS: Management of AL consisted in no treatment (n = 14), medical treatment (n = 6), local drainage (n = 10) and abdominal reoperation (n = 11). After a median follow-up of 38 months, the overall rate of DS was 3% (n = 6): 0% for asymptomatic vs 22% after symptomatic AL (P = 0.061). After reoperation, the risk of DS was 13% when the anastomosis was preserved vs 100% after Hartmann's procedure (P = 0.007). Risk factors of DS after AL included obesity, age over 65, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score > 2 and abdominal reoperation for AL. CONCLUSION: The risk of DS after SSR for cancer is low (3%) but rises to 22% after symptomatic AL. This risk depends on the surgical treatment for AL and is up to 100% if a Hartmann's procedure is performed.