Percutaneous Repair of Paravalvular Prosthetic Regurgitation

115 patients (age 67±12 years, 53% men) with prosthetic paravalvular regurgitation presenting with heart failure, hemolytic anemia, or both, who were at high risk of open surgery (mean estimated Society of Thoracic Surgeons mortality, 6.9%).

Percutaneous repair using Amplatzer Septal Occluder, Duct Occluder, Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder, or Vascular Plug II under echocardiographic and fluoroscopic guidance.

Successful percutaneous closure (defined as ≤1+ residual regurgitation)surrogate