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A number of monolithic single-ended and push-pull oscillator chips were developed for C-band through Ku-band applications. The chips were used to build both, dielectric resonator oscillators (DRO's) and voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO's) in these frequency bands. These MMIC's also have an integrated buffer amplifier at the oscillator output to provide better load isolation and power output stability. The oscillators demonstrated performance similar to conventional hybrid circuit however, the MMIC circuits provide circuit simplicity with improved reliability, decreased size, and reduced manufacturing cost.
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Moghe et al. (1987) studied this question.
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