Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and in-hospital bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: findings from CCC-AF project

Figures

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  Figure 1. In-hospital bleeding events, ischemic events, all-cause death, and clinical outcomes according to the eight LDL-C level categories (A–D) In-hospital bleeding events, ischemic events, all-cause death and clinical outcomes according to the eight LDL-C categories. The numbers in parentheses indicate incidence in each LDL-C category. (E–H) Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the eight LDL-C level categories. The reference is set at LDL-C of 110-130 mg/dl in any bleeding event, ischemic events, clinical outcome, and all-cause death. (I–L) ORs and 95% CIs in the eight LDL-C level categories with LDL-C levels of 30-50 mg/dl as reference. LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

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  Figure 2. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for Any bleeds and ischemic events. Comparing lower than the endpoint with higher as reference.

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  Figure 3. Restricted cubic spline plots for major bleeding events, ischemic events, all-cause death, and clinical outcome according to LDL-C levels after covariate adjustment. (A) Bleeding events, (B) ischemic events, (C) all-cause death, (D) clinical outcomes. The background histograms (light grey color) represent the percentage of the density distribution of LDL-C in the study population (right y-axis). The heavy red lines represent the estimated adjusted odds ratios, with the pink-shaded ribbons denoting the 95% confidence intervals. The vertical dotted lines indicate the threshold value for LDL-C, at 70 mg/dl. The horizontal dotted lines represent the OR of 1.0. The reference point for the lowest risk is 110 mg/dl (Knot = 4). OR, Odds ratio; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

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  Figure 4. Adjusted relationship of LDL-C and bleeding in the restricted cubic spline subgroups. (A) Sex, (B) age, (C) anticoagulant intake, (D) antiplatelet intake, (E) statin intake, (F) anemia. The reference value (OR = 1) is set as the median value for each subgroup. The solid lines represent the adjusted ORs of LDL-C levels across the entire range, and the shaded areas represent the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. OR, Odds ratio; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.