Physical activity, diet, sleep, and sedentary behavior in relation to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: a latent class analysis approach

OBJECTIVES : This study aimed to identify patterns of physical activity, diet, sleep status, and Sedentary Behavior in the Dehgolan Cohort using latent class analysis. It also sought to examine the relationship between these identified classes and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. METHODS: The study population consisted of adults aged 35 to 70 (n = 3743) who participated in the Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study. Latent class analysis was utilized to identify behavioral patterns and AIC and BIC indices were used to determine the best model., thenlogistic regression analysis was used to detection of the relationship between these identified classes and the occurrence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: The final classification result was determined as follows: (1) Insufficient activity with adequate sleep (49% of the sample), (2) Insufficient activity with inadequate sleep (9%), and (3) Sufficient activity with adequate sleep (42%). Notably, the second group (insufficient activity and inadequate sleep) had an 80% higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases compared to the third group (sufficient activity and adequate sleep), with statistical significance (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study explores latent class classification to identify groups at risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes based on health-related behaviors, as well as their health status and quality of life. The findings could help health policymakers target vulnerable populations and create effective interventions.