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August 24, 2026Transportmetrica B Transport Dynamics

Adaptive bus service scheduling with stochastic running times via an adversarial reinforcement learning approach

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Authors

GLGuang-yu LiCity University of Hong KongACAndy H.F. ChowProgram for Appropriate Technology in HealthCYCheng-shuo YingBeijing University of Technology

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Implication

Computational study demonstrates adaptive bus scheduling via adversarial reinforcement learning, indicating enhanced transit efficiency under stochastic delays.

Key Points

  • To develop an adaptive, robust optimization framework for bus service scheduling that mitigates stochastic travel time disruptions using an adversarial reinforcement learning game.
  • Formulated bus scheduling as a two-player Markov decision game between an attacker agent generating running time disturbances and a defender agent optimizing dispatch schedules.
  • Approximated state and action spaces using artificial neural networks trained with a double deep Q-network (DDQN) algorithm.
  • Evaluated the framework against standard benchmark methods using empirical transit scenarios.
  • Achieved a median total cost reduction of 9.3% across stochastic running time scenarios compared with benchmark approaches.
  • Demonstrated superior operational robustness and scheduling efficiency in mitigating unpredictable transit disruptions.

Cite This Study

Li et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8c005bbca056c88e6df039https://doi.org/10.1080/21680566.2026.2718463
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