Multiple mini-interviews for selecting Iranian medical science PhD candidates: a national longitudinal study of feasibility and acceptability

Selection of students in health education programs is a high-stakes process, yet traditional interviews have shown limited validity in predicting doctoral-level performance. This national, multicenter, longitudinal study evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of Multiple Mini Interviews (MMIs) for postgraduate selection in medical sciences across Iran. Between 2020 and 2023, MMIs comprising five competency-based stations were implemented in 19 Iranian medical sciences universities. Data from 2371 candidates and 831 interviewers were gathered through validated questionnaires assessing acceptability and feasibility. Psychometric validation confirmed the instruments’ reliability. Quantitative analyses included descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests, complemented by thematic analysis of qualitative feedback. High acceptability was reported by 89% of candidates and over 89% of interviewers, with feasibility ratings exceeding 84%. Interviewers consistently rated MMIs more favorably than candidates ( p < 0.001; large effect sizes). No significant differences were observed in MMI performance scores across groups. Qualitative insights emphasized the critical roles of interviewer training, clear station design, and supportive organizational environments in successful implementation. This study demonstrates that MMIs present a feasible, acceptable, and conceptually robust approach to doctoral admissions within a large, national health education system. Beyond feasibility, MMIs offer a defensible framework promoting fairness and quality in selection. Continued focus on training, iterative station refinement, and governance are essential to realize their full policy and practice potential in advancing medical education.