A Transmission‐Reflection‐Integrated Programmable Metasurface for Adaptive Full‐Space Multi‐Target Communications

The next‐generation space‐air‐ground integrated network demands a new class of multifunctional and easily deployable communication platforms to meet the diverse requirements of various terminals. Leveraging its capability for flexible full‐space electromagnetic manipulation, the transmission‐reflection integrated programmable metasurface (TRIPM) emerges as a key enabling technology for this goal. However, existing designs are often limited to single‐polarized beam control, which poses a risk of communication interruption for heterogeneous aerial targets due to polarization mismatch. To address this limitation, we propose a novel programmable metasurface that integrates multiple electromagnetic‐manipulation functions, including transmission‐reflection switching, full‐space beam scanning, and multi‐polarized conversion, into a single aperture. The incident radio‐frequency energy can be manipulated by the metasurface to provide stable linearly polarized signal coverage for ground Internet‐of‐Things devices in the reflection half‐space, while simultaneously achieving adaptive switching among linear, left‐hand circular, and right‐hand circular polarizations in the transmission half‐space to meet the real‐time communication demands of diverse air and space targets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed TRIPM platform possesses flexible, multi‐degree‐of‐freedom electromagnetic‐manipulation capabilities, enabling dynamic coverage of linearly and dual‐circularly polarized signals. The proposed TRIPM provides a crucial hardware foundation for next‐generation intelligent and integrated space‐air‐ground networks.