Systematic review reveals structural barriers and key opportunities for sexual diversity in schools, highlighting pathways toward equitable educational environments.
This article aims to address sexual diversity within the educational system, considering perspectives, experiences, and attitudes of educational stakeholders regarding this issue. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology. From 52 articles selected from Dialnet, ERIC, Scopus (2019 - 2024), four main themes were revealed: (1) studies addressing perceptions and attitudes of educational stakeholders towards sexual diversity; (2) inclusion of sexual diversity in the educational system; (3) experiences of educational stakeholders related to sexual diversity; and (4) analyses of policies, curricula, and educational strategies. This review offers insights into addressing sexual diversity in the educational system as a process shaped by structural barriers such as conservative culture, lack of teacher training, and the absence of educational policies. It was also found that realities surrounding this issue are influenced by factors such as discrimination, silenced sexual diversity, and pseudo-inclusion. Finally, the study identified opportunities for diversity inclusion, including positive perspectives towards this issue, the active presence of LGBTIQ+ teachers, and the availability of educational strategies for addressing sexual diversity. Overall, this research highlights that sexual diversity inclusion in educational settings remains a complex process, presenting both challenges and potential pathways for fostering a more equitable educational environment.
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Aguilar-Feijoó et al. (2026) studied this question.
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