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In this retrospective analysis determination of antinuclear antibodies had no positive or negative predictive value for diagnosing neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). A history suggestive of antiphospholipid syndrome, of unusual symptoms for the patient's age and/or signs of non-neurological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in a female patient were typical of NPSLE.
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Daniel Eschle (2004) studied this question.
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