Late onset of hepatitis B virus reactivation following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: successful treatment with combined entecavir plus tenofovir therapy

L. Milazzo, M. Corbellino, A. Foschi, V. Micheli, A. Dodero, A. Mazzocchi, V. Montefusco, G. Zehender, S. Antinori. Late onset of hepatitis B virus reactivation following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: successful treatment with combined entecavir plus tenofovir therapy. Transpl Infect Dis 2011. All rights reserved Abstract: Prophylaxis with lamivudine (LAM) is recommended for hepatitis B core antibody‐positive allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, but the optimal timing for the institution and duration of the prophylaxis is still unknown. Furthermore, considering the high rate of mortality associated with hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV‐R), the most potent and long‐term effective antiviral regimen should be considered. We report here a case of late onset of HBV‐R after a long‐term prophylaxis with LAM in a patient who underwent HSCT for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and who was successfully treated with a combination antiviral regimen including entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.