Key result
The 3' splice site of influenza A segment 7 mRNA exists in an equilibrium between pseudoknot and hairpin conformations, which is sensitive to multivalent cations and may control viral mRNA splicing.
The splicing of influenza A segment 7 mRNA may be controlled by a conformational switch between a pseudoknot and a hairpin structure that exposes or hides the splice site.
The 3' splice site of influenza A segment 7 is used to produce mRNA for the M2 ion-channel protein, which is critical to the formation of viable influenza virions. Native gel analysis, enzymatic/chemical structure probing, and oligonucleotide binding studies of a 63 nt fragment, containing the 3' splice site, key residues of an SF2/ASF splicing factor binding site, and a polypyrimidine tract, provide evidence for an equilibrium between pseudoknot and hairpin structures. This equilibrium is sensitive to multivalent cations, and can be forced towards the pseudoknot by addition of 5 mM cobalt hexammine. In the two conformations, the splice site and other functional elements exist in very different structural environments. In particular, the splice site is sequestered in the middle of a double helix in the pseudoknot conformation, while in the hairpin it resides in a two-by-two nucleotide internal loop. The results suggest that segment 7 mRNA splicing can be controlled by a conformational switch that exposes or hides the splice site.
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Moss et al. (2012) studied Influenza A. Multivalent cations (Mg2+, Cobalt hexammine) vs. No multivalent cations was evaluated on RNA secondary structure conformations. The 3' splice site of influenza A segment 7 mRNA exists in an equilibrium between pseudoknot and hairpin conformations, which is sensitive to multivalent cations and may control viral mRNA splicing.
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