The ohlique reflection of VLF rad io waves from a cont inuously stratifi ed ionized medium is considered. The profile of the eff ecti\'e conductiv ity is taken to be of an eXIlonrntlal form. This is a fair represe ntation for the actual D layer of the lOnosphere. It IS 8howI1 that the g radi ent of the conductivity change has a mar ked effect on the reflection characteristics.
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Wait et al. (1963) studied this question.