Amorphous Zr−Ti hydrous oxide submicrometer spheres were employed in hydrothermal syntheses of PbZr 0.7 Ti 0.3 O 3 heteroepitaxial thin films on single-crystal SrTiO 3 substrates. Reactions utilizing processing variables that included precursor concentration (0.1−0.4 m ), KOH concentration (6−12 m ), and time (24−60 h) were carried out at 150 °C to evaluate the effect of this precursor on the formation of an epitaxial film. Selected experiments were also conducted to examine how this spherical precursor compares with two other precursor systems, that is, nanostructured amorphous Zr−Ti hydrous oxide prepared by coprecipitation at room temperature, and a mixture of crystalline TiO 2 and amorphous ZrO 2 · n H 2 O obtained from soluble ZrOCl 2 ·8H 2 O. On the basis of the results of X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, precursor choice, precursor concentration, and KOH mineralizer concentration have a significant effect on the quality, composition, and morphology of the film.
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Oledzka et al. (2003) studied this question.