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A method has been developed to measure the surface acidity of solids using the contact angles of seven probe liquids. The geometric mean model was used to calculate the surface free energy. Then the value of the solid polarity, from the geometric mean, was compared with the polarity values calculated using the geometric mean dispersive component and the contact angles of two Lewis acids (liquefied phenol and glycerol) and two Lewis bases (formamide and aniline.) The deviation between these values was used to determine a value for the acidity, referred to as D. D was measured for a series of polymeric and metallic materials. Lap shear joints were fabricated and tested using these substrates and two adhesives, a urethane and an epoxy. The acidity of the substrate surfaces was found to affect the lap shear joint strength.
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Elisabeth J. Berger (1990) studied this question.
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