Fathers and breastfeeding: Attitudes, involvement and support

Background Fathers are recognised as a major source of social support for breastfeeding mothers. Mothers repeatedly identify their infant's father as an important part of the decision to breastfeed, yet limited research has focused on fathers and breastfeeding. Aims To review existing literature on the attitudes of fathers towards breastfeeding and their involvement in supporting mothers. Methods Studies were initially grouped according to research design, then each appraised against quality standards for respective designs. The selected studies were then re-grouped under themes and a narrative synthesising approach to findings was undertaken to develop the discussion. Data sources included a library and electronic search, conducted between January 2014 and June 2015, of the literature published between 1992 and 2015. Findings Fathers' positive attitude, involvement and support greatly influenced breastfeeding decision and commitment among mothers and was associated with increased breastfeeding rates and duration. The exclusion of fathers from breastfeeding support and preparation may result in decreased quality of life and self-efficacy among fathers. There is, however, a lack of clear evidence regarding what exactly constitutes the nature of fathers' support. Conclusions Taken collectively, the review findings demonstrate that focusing on fathers as a major part of the breastfeeding family and engaging them in the preparation and support process would certainly impact positively on breastfeeding rates.