Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
We explore consequences of a hypothetical difference between active charges, which generate electric fields, and passive charges, which respond to them. A confrontation with experiments using atoms, molecules, or macroscopic matter yields limits on their fractional difference at levels down to 10^-21, which at the same time corresponds to an experimental confirmation of Newton's third law.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Lämmerzahl et al. (2007) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: