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Kenneth S. Norris, J. Lee Kavanau, The Burrowing of the Western Shovel-Nosed Snake, Chionactis occipitalis Hallowell, and the Undersand Environment, Copeia, Vol. 1966, No. 4 (Dec. 23, 1966), pp. 650-664
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Norris et al. (1966) studied this question.
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