Electron Energy Loss during Photoemission

During the photoemission process, whereby the solid absorbs a photon and emits an electron, other excitations such as plasmons or phonons may be created. A calculation is presented of the excitation probability of both the surface and bulk form of these excitations. It is shown that electrons which originate near the surface excite mostly surface excitations, whereas those which originate deeper inside the solid have 8 higher probability of making bulk modes. The excitation rates for the hole are also included in a model which assumes that the hole is localized.