Risk factors for cardiovascular complications following total joint replacement surgery

418 patients who had undergone a primary or revision total knee or total hip replacement surgery (209 cases who experienced a cardiac complication during surgical admission, and 209 matched controls who did not).

Presence of risk factors including bilateral surgery, revision surgery, history of arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, and older age.

Absence of these risk factors.

Cardiac complication during the surgical admission period (composite of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, unstable angina, arrhythmia, symptomatic hypotension, or pulmonary embolus).composite