Proteomic identification of PKM2 and HSPA5 as potential biomarkers for predicting high‐risk endometrial carcinoma

AIM: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common gynecologic malignancy. EC has a favorable prognosis because it is usually diagnosed at an early stage. However, the recurrence rate is high and the prognosis is poor for high-risk EC. Identification of new biomarkers for the prediction of high-risk features will help to guide the treatment and improve the prognosis of patients with EC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Differentially expressed proteins among high-risk EC, low-risk EC, and normal endometrial tissues were determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and a liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) proteomics approach. Then, the candidate proteins were examined by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen protein spots were differentially expressed between the high- and low-risk groups, and 25 protein spots were differentially expressed between the high-risk and normal endometrium groups. Twenty-two proteins were identified by MS analysis. PKM2 and HSPA5 were elevated in the high-risk EC tissues compared with both the low-risk EC and normal endometrial tissues. The elevated expression of PKM2 and HSPA5 in high-risk EC tissue was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. DISCUSSION: PKM2 and HSPA5 may play an important role in the progression of EC. These two proteins are potential biomarkers to better predict high-risk EC and thereby guide clinical therapy.