Multiple Urinary Cytokine Levels of Bacterial Cystitis

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 May 1997Multiple Urinary Cytokine Levels of Bacterial Cystitis Ramin Davidoff, Ron Yamaguchi, Gary E. Leach, Eunhee Park, and Pramod M. Lad Ramin DavidoffRamin Davidoff More articles by this author , Ron YamaguchiRon Yamaguchi More articles by this author , Gary E. LeachGary E. Leach More articles by this author , Eunhee ParkEunhee Park More articles by this author , and Pramod M. LadPramod M. Lad More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64914-0AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract Purpose: We have examined urinary cytokine levels to define the inflammatory response in patients with bacterial cystitis or microhematuria relative to normal subjects. Cytokines examined include interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), IL-6 and IL-4. Unique features of this study include a) a simultaneous study of several relevant cytokines b) a study of the inflammatory response at both low and high counts of bacterial infection and c) an assessment of whether microhematuria without bacterial cystitis or pyuria is associated with cytokine elevation compared to normals. Materials and Methods: Enzyme immunoassays were utilized for each cytokine. Patients studied include those with bacterial cystitis (n = 49), patients with microhematuria (n = 11), and normal subjects (n = 36). Cytokine levels were also determined for patients with low count bacterial cystitis (1,000-50,000 organisms; n = 15) and compared to high count bacterial cystitis (>100,000 organisms; n = 34) and normal subjects. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by pairwise testing with Newman-Keuls test. Results: a) The means for normal, microhematuria and bacterial cystitis groups were significantly different (p <0.05) for IL-1 beta, IL-1 alpha, TNF alpha and IL-6, but not for IL-4. b) Except for IL-4, all cytokines were found to be significantly elevated in low count bacterial cystitis compared to normals. No statistically significant difference was observed between low and high count bacterial cystitis groups for any of the cytokines tested. Conclusions: a) Significant and similar inflammatory responses are present in both low and high count bacterial cystitis groups as compared with the normal group. b) IL-6 and TNF alpha are significantly elevated in patients with microhematuria compared to normals. c) The potential clinical utility of the assays lies in identifying the specific cytokines elevated, understanding the pathways that give rise to their production, and in defining potential virulence factors that may produce significant inflammation at low count bacterial infections. 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Google Scholar From the Department of Urology and Regional Research Laboratory, Kaiser Foundation Hospitals, Los Angeles, California.© 1997 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byAUSTIN P, CASALE A, CAIN M, RINK R and WEINTRAUB S (2018) Lipopolysaccharide and Inflammatory Cytokines Cause an Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase-Dependent Bladder Smooth Muscle Fibrotic ResponseJournal of Urology, VOL. 170, NO. 2, (645-648), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2003.LANNERGÅRD A, FRIMAN G and LARSSON A (2018) Serum Amyloid A: A Novel Serum Marker For The Detection Of Systemic Inflammatory Response In CystitisJournal of Urology, VOL. 170, NO. 3, (804-806), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2003.JOHANSSON R, POLJAKOVIC M, ANDERSSON K and PERSSON K (2018) Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells: Regulation by Cytokines and L-ArginineJournal of Urology, VOL. 168, NO. 5, (2280-2285), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2002.ERICKSON D, XIE S, BHAVANANDAN V, WHEELER M, HURST R, DEMERS L, KUSHNER L and KEAY S (2018) A Comparison of Multiple Urine Markers for Interstitial CystitisJournal of Urology, VOL. 167, NO. 6, (2461-2469), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2002.BJORLING D, JERDE T, ZINE M, BUSSER B, SABAN M and SABAN R (2018) MAST CELLS MEDIATE THE SEVERITY OF EXPERIMENTAL CYSTITIS IN MICEJournal of Urology, VOL. 162, NO. 1, (231-236), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1999.RHEE E, SANTIAGO L, PARK E, LAD P and BELLMAN G (2018) URINARY IL-6 IS ELEVATED IN PATIENTS WITH UROLITHIASISJournal of Urology, VOL. 160, NO. 6 Part 1, (2284-2288), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1998. Volume 157Issue 5May 1997Page: 1980-1985 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1997 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ramin Davidoff More articles by this author Ron Yamaguchi More articles by this author Gary E. Leach More articles by this author Eunhee Park More articles by this author Pramod M. Lad More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...