A Hierarchical Analysis of Genetic Differentiation in a Montane Leaf Beetle Chrysomela Aeneicollis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

= 0.412), suggesting that it is under natural selection. C. aeneicollis populations were also subdivided within drainages, with significant differentiation 1) among patches of willows (spanning less than three kilometers) and 2) in some cases, among trees within a willow patch. My results demonstrate that this species has the capacity to adapt to local environmental variation at small spatial scales.