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A redox induced structural transformation for 2 monolayers of vanadia on α-TiO 2 (110) (rutile) was studied by in situ X-ray standing waves and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The VO X film was grown by atomic layer deposition. Oxidation and reduction were carried out by annealing in O 2 and H 2, respectively. We found that an epitaxial rutile VO 2 film was formed in the reduced phase with V 4+ cations in lateral alignment with Ti lattice positions. Oxidation was found to produce V 5+ cations uncorrelated to the substrate lattice in the oxidized phase. The redox induced structural and oxidation state transformation proved reversible and involved the entire film; not just the surface layer. The current study suggests that the structural order needs to be considered in order to study the activity of supported vanadium oxide catalysts.
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Kim et al. (2010) studied this question.
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