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A two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystal composed of ferroelectric cylinder rods in air background is proposed to realize tunable negative refraction by applying electric field. Based on the Pockels effect, refractive indices of rods can be changed linearly along with applied electric field, and then photonic band structure and equifrequency surface can be modified. The refractive angle could vary from negative to positive depending on intensity of electric field at a certain incident angle. The feasibility of the photonic crystal operating in visible region at the frequency of 476.5THz was presented, which might have potential applications in photoelectronic devices.
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Li et al. (2007) studied this question.
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