This paper presents a topologically based fault location method for AC circuits, taking the design tolerances of all nonfaulty circuit elements into consideration. The method requires that the node voltages have to be measured for only one sinusoidal excitation, at a single frequency and the impact of the limited accuracy of measurements is taken into account. The method locates single faults as well as multiple faults, and is still applicable when some voltages are not measurable.
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Rutkowski et al. (1986) studied this question.