Hierarchical SCOPF Considering Wind Energy Integration Through Multiterminal VSC-HVDC Grids

In this paper, a hierarchical security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) model is proposed for a meshed ac/multiterminal HVDC (MTDC) system with high wind penetration. The two interacting levels in the proposed model are as follows: 1) the high level is a traditional SCOPF problem in an ac system that aims to minimize total generation and security control costs; and 2) the low level is a dynamic power dispatching problem, which regulates power flow in an MTDC grid according to reference signals from the high level. Thus, the proposed method utilizes an MTDC system to provide support for the ac system by redistributing power flow across the entire grid and reducing control costs. Two modified IEEE meshed ac/dc systems are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.