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Engineering study demonstrates a compact 2.59–20 GHz MIMO antenna with low coupling, suggesting high-efficiency concurrent sub-6 GHz and wideband multi-standard operation.
The modern-day wireless systems and devices require a single antenna system capable of supporting both sub-6 GHz and wide-band microwave frequency bands. These systems require stable performance throughout the operational band to enable seamless multi-standard operation. To meet the arising demands of modern-day wireless systems this work proposes the design and analysis of a compact size wideband antenna covering the frequency band ranges 2.59–20 GHz. The antenna is designed using FR4 with an overall size of 30 × 30 mm 2 which corresponds to 0.25 λ c × 0.25 λ c , where λ c is the wavelength at the lower cutoff frequency. The proposed antenna is extracted from a conventional semi-circular shaped broadband antenna after consecutive stages, and the final optimized design offers a stable gain of 2.4–5.2 dBi with high radiation efficiency across the operational bandwidth. Furthermore, to meet the requirements of modern-day applications along with increasing the channel capacity the proposed design is converted into 2-port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna by placing the elements orthogonal to each other. The antenna covers similar bands compared to unit elements along with low coupling of less than − 18 dB throughout the targeted band without the requirement of any additional coupling structure. Unlike many reported wideband MIMO antennas that require complex decoupling structures or larger footprints, the proposed antenna simultaneously achieves compact size, wideband operation (2.59–20 GHz), and high isolation through a simple orthogonal arrangement of radiating elements. The MIMO antenna offers excellent performance in terms of the MIMO performance parameters by having low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and high diversity gain (DG). Furthermore, both unit elements and MIMO antenna are compared with recently reported antenna which highlights the novelty of the proposed antenna system: a compact wideband antenna and its MIMO configuration—with the MIMO gain improved to 3.5–6 dBi—well suited for sub-6 GHz and wideband wireless applications.
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Githala et al. (2026) studied this question.
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