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Theoretical analysis reveals modified dispersion relations and uncertainty principles in compactified spacetime, indicating non-zero phase space curvature alters particle effective mass.
In this study, corrections to the dispersion relation in Kaluza–Klein theory with one extra compactified spatial dimension were analyzed in a static, spherically symmetric case. The Ricci scalar curvatures of spacetime and phase space in the Einstein conformal frame were studied with respect to the parameter space of the model and for different observers. The presence of a non-zero phase space curvature and/or shift vector modifies the Heisenberg uncertainty relation of massive particles, as well as their dispersion relation, leading to an effective mass.
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Horváth et al. (2026) studied this question.
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