⟨ 001 ⟩ -oriented (K0.5Na0.5)(Nb0.97Sb0.03)O3 (KNNS) ceramics with a narrow orientation distribution (full width at half maximum=7.0°) were produced by templated grain growth using NaNbO3 templates. Excellent electromechanical properties were obtained from −70 °C to the polymorphic phase transition (PPT) at 160 °C. Textured KNNS ceramics show very high electromechanical coupling factors kp=0.64 and k31=0.37, high piezoelectric constants d33=208–218 pC/N and d31=−82 pC/N, and modest strain hysteresis (6.3%) at room temperature. These properties are superior to those of randomly oriented KNN-based ceramics with similar PPT temperatures.
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Chang et al. (2009) studied this question.
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