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August 26, 2026Sport Sciences for HealthOpen Access

Exploring team performance in endurance sports: how do individuals use their self-regulatory skills to perform optimally within a team?

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Authors

DHDaphne HarmsenFBFloor A.P. van den BrandtSMStein Gerrit Paul Menting

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Overview

Observational study shows athletes adjust coaching and planning behaviors during team endurance events, indicating group-based self-regulation supports collaborative performance.

Key Points

  • To examine differences between individual and group-based self-regulation among endurance athletes stratified by success orientation, and explore links between behavior, satisfaction, and team performance.
  • Assessed 29 competitive long-track speed skaters (14 males, 15 females; median age 16 years) completing an individual 1500 m time trial and a 3-person team pursuit.
  • Administered questionnaires evaluating individual and group-based self-regulatory skills (reflection, planning, evaluation, effort, self-efficacy, speaking up, coaching), behavior, and satisfaction.
  • Evaluated differences using two related samples Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and analyzed relationships via Spearman's rho correlations (p < 0.05).
  • Participant success orientation distribution was personal (n = 18), mixed (n = 11), and team (n = 0).
  • Athletes engaged in significantly more peer coaching during team events, and only athletes oriented toward team success altered planning strategies for team performance (p < 0.05).
  • Substantial variability was observed across athlete behavioral adjustments, satisfaction levels, and overall team performance.

Cite This Study

Harmsen et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8e9bcc451774b83f3b4a64https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-026-01908-1
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