Effective grain alignment is accomplished in Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics by a new processing concept based on superplastic-deformation-induced directional dynamic ripening. The developed anisotropic ceramics with well-aligned grain structures (see Figure) exhibit unique anisotropic dielectric and piezoelectric properties. This new processing concept opens up new possibilities for preparing two-dimensional microstructures composed of anisotropic grains for a wide range of ceramics.
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Shen et al. (2005) studied this question.
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