Electrochemical molecular recognition: pathways between complexation and signalling

This perspective examines the mechanisms by which electrochemical recognition of various charged and neutral guest species by redox-active receptor molecules takes place. Particular emphasis is given to the intramolecular signalling pathway employed in each case. These include electrostatic interactions (through space or through conju-gated bonds), conformational changes in the redox centre in complexation and guest interference to an already present communication pathway in the host.