It has been experimentally demonstrated that micrometersized particles of graphite deposited on the surface of copper and niobium electrodes can promote the field emission of electrons in the range of 5-20 MV ·m-1. From measurements of the current-voltage characteristic, electron spectrum, and emission image of such sites, it has been concluded that electrons arc emitted by a mechanism similar to that operating at the naturally occurring sites responsible for prebreakdown electron emission. A hot-electron-based metal-insulator-metal (MIM) model is considered.
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Athwal et al. (1985) studied this question.
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