An unprecedented 42 dB loss budget is realised, for the first time, by using a hybrid DWDM-CDM (code division multiplexing)-PON without an optical amplifier. 16λ-DWDM-CDM-PON bidirectional transmission over 100 km was experimentally demonstrated. Long-reach PON is expected to reduce capex and opex costs for service providers.
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Gupta et al. (2007) studied this question.
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