Environmental risk assessment reveals elevated hazard indices and cytotoxicity in rural drinking water, highlighting non-carcinogenic health threats from combined agricultural contaminants.
assay, revealing increased mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations at six sampling points. A Hazard Index (HI) greater than 1 was observed at seven points, mainly due to nitrate and parathion, suggesting potential non-carcinogenic health risks. These findings suggest that combined exposure to pesticides and inorganic ions may contribute to non-carcinogenic risk, supporting the relevance of continuous and integrative monitoring.
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Avila et al. (2026) studied this question.
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