High-Performance MoSe 2 -Modified Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensor for Trace-Level Determination of 2-Aminophenol in Aquatic Samples

In this study, a molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) nanocomposite was fabricated using a hydrothermal method, which offers a simple, cost-effective, and scalable route for material synthesis. The synthesized material was deposited onto the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) using the drop-casting method. Various characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were employed to evaluate the functional groups, crystal structure, surface morphology and elemental composition, and electron-transfer properties of the fabricated material, respectively. The results revealed that the MoSe2/SPCE-modified electrode exhibited significantly lower charge-transfer resistance than the bare SPCE, indicating faster electron-transfer kinetics and a more conductive interfacial environment. Under optimized experimental conditions, the developed sensor achieved a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0045 μM for 2-aminophenol (2-AP), with a wide linear dynamic range of 0.2–90 μM using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The developed sensor also demonstrated excellent selectivity, stability, and repeatability. Furthermore, for the detection of 2-AP in environmental samples, the MoSe2/SPCE sensor exhibited satisfactory recovery values ranging from 97.7% to 103.4%, confirming its reliability and suitability for practical environmental monitoring applications.